Central Valley
German Shepherds

A: Yes, all of our puppies come with AKC registration papers. We are proud to be an AKC Breeder of Merit.

A: We provide a 2-year genetic health guarantee. All our puppies undergo thorough health screenings before going to their new homes.

A: We prefer not to ship puppies. We encourage potential owners to visit our facility and meet the puppies in person. That being said, Yes! We offer world-wide shipping of our puppies at cost. That is, we will ship a puppy anywhere in the United States or around the world for whatever the shipping cost is, without tacking on any fees or charges. Puppies are shipped as live animal cargo and must be flown into major airports. Not every airport accepts live animal cargo, so keep that in mind if you plan on shipping a puppy. In our area, the closest airport to us which accepts and ships live animal cargo is San Francisco International Airport (SFO).

As an alternative to shipping a puppy via live animal cargo, we also contract with pet delivery services, which provide escorts to pick up and deliver puppies via ground travel, with an escort. If you chose to use an escort service, an escort will pick up the puppy from us and drive the puppy to you, remaining with the puppy the entire time. The cost of pet escort services varies depending on the distance, the date the puppy needs to be delivered, and other factors.

We also offer free local delivery within 50 miles of our location. If you live or work within 50 miles of our Merced location, we will deliver the puppy to your home or work at no-cost. Usually home delivery is available Thursday – Sunday each week with 2-3 day lead time.

A: We recommend starting with basic obedience training as early as 8 weeks old. German Shepherds are intelligent and eager to learn, making them excellent candidates for advanced training as well.

A: Exercise requirements for German Shepherd puppies vary by age and should be carefully managed to support proper development:

• 8-12 weeks: Short 10-15 minute play sessions several times daily. Avoid forced exercise like jogging or long walks.
• 3-6 months: Gradually increase to 20-30 minute walks twice daily, plus supervised play time. Avoid high-impact activities that stress developing joints.
• 6-12 months: 30-45 minute walks twice daily with additional mental stimulation. Start introducing more varied activities like fetch and basic training games.
• 12-18 months: Up to 1-hour walks twice daily plus training and play. You can begin more vigorous activities as joints mature.

Always watch for signs of fatigue, and remember that mental stimulation through training and puzzle toys is just as important as physical exercise. The 5-minute rule is helpful: multiply your puppy's age in months by 5 to determine appropriate exercise session length in minutes. Over-exercising a growing puppy can lead to joint problems later in life.

A: Training your German Shepherd puppy should begin the moment you bring them home, typically around 8 weeks of age. German Shepherds are highly intelligent and benefit from early, consistent training:

• 8-10 weeks: Focus on socialization, household rules, gentle handling, basic name recognition, and potty training. Keep sessions very short (2-3 minutes) but frequent.
• 10-12 weeks: Introduce basic commands like 'sit', 'down', and 'come' using positive reinforcement. Practice gentle leash introduction.
• 3-4 months: Build on basic commands, extend concentration time, and begin working on more impulse control. Introduce short, positive exposure to different environments.
• 4-6 months: Begin more structured training sessions (5-10 minutes, 2-3 times daily). Continue socialization with controlled exposures to new people, animals, and environments.
• 6+ months: Begin more advanced training and consider formal obedience classes if you haven't already started.

Remember that training should always be positive, consistent, and age-appropriate. The foundation you build in the first year will shape your German Shepherd's behavior for a lifetime. Regular training also strengthens your bond and provides crucial mental stimulation for this intelligent breed. Even before formal training, your puppy is learning from you constantly, so setting clear boundaries from day one is essential.

A: Like all purebred dogs, German Shepherds can be predisposed to certain health conditions, but responsible breeding practices significantly reduce these risks. Common health considerations include:

• Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: Joint malformations that can cause pain and mobility issues. Our breeding dogs are OFA certified to minimize this risk.
• Degenerative Myelopathy (DM): A progressive spinal cord disease that can lead to paralysis in older dogs. Genetic testing helps identify carriers.
• Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus): A life-threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and can twist. Preventive measures include multiple small meals and avoiding exercise right after eating.
• Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI): A digestive disorder where the pancreas doesn't produce enough enzymes.
• Allergies and Skin Issues: Some German Shepherds may develop food or environmental allergies.

At Central Valley GSD, we conduct comprehensive health testing on our breeding dogs and provide a 2-year genetic health guarantee. Regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight significantly reduce health risks. Our puppies come from health-tested parents with strong genetic backgrounds, giving them the best start possible.

A: Proper socialization is crucial for German Shepherds and should begin early:

• Critical Period (8-16 weeks): This is the most important window for socialization. Expose your puppy to various people, places, sounds, surfaces, and experiences in a positive, controlled manner.
• Safe Exposure: Ensure all experiences are positive. Avoid dog parks until vaccinations are complete; instead, arrange playdates with healthy, vaccinated dogs.
• People Variety: Introduce your puppy to people of different ages, genders, appearances, and with various accessories (hats, sunglasses, uniforms, etc.).
• Environment Diversity: Expose your puppy to different surfaces (grass, concrete, carpet), sounds (traffic, appliances, storms), and environments (urban areas, countryside, stores that allow pets).
• Handling Exercises: Regularly touch your puppy's paws, ears, mouth, and tail to prepare them for grooming and veterinary exams.
• Positive Association: Always pair new experiences with treats, praise, and play to create positive associations.

Remember that socialization continues throughout your dog's life. German Shepherds can develop wariness of new situations if not continuously exposed to varied environments. Always monitor your puppy's body language during socialization and never force interactions if they show fear. Puppy classes are excellent for socialization under professional guidance while learning basic commands.

A: Biting and mouthing are normal developmental behaviors in German Shepherd puppies for several reasons:

• Teething: Puppies lose their baby teeth between 3-6 months and experience discomfort that they try to relieve by chewing and biting.
• Exploration: Puppies explore their world through their mouths, similar to how human babies put things in their mouths.
• Play Behavior: Puppies play with their littermates through mouthing and biting, learning bite inhibition in the process.
• Herding Instinct: German Shepherds were bred to herd livestock, and nipping is part of their natural herding behavior.

How to manage puppy biting:

• Provide appropriate chew toys and rotate them to maintain interest
• When your puppy bites, make a high-pitched yelp sound and briefly stop play to mimic how puppies learn from littermates
• Redirect biting to appropriate toys
• Teach and reward gentle mouth interaction ("gentle")
• Never punish or use physical corrections for biting as this can lead to fear or aggression
• Ensure your puppy gets enough exercise, mental stimulation, and sleep
• Consider freezing wet washcloths or puppy-safe teething toys for teething relief

Consistency is key, and most puppies outgrow excessive biting by 6-8 months with proper training. If biting seems aggressive rather than playful or persists despite training, consult a professional dog trainer or behaviorist.

A: German Shepherds have a double coat that requires regular grooming to keep it healthy and minimize shedding:

• Brushing: Brush your puppy 2-3 times a week with an undercoat rake or slicker brush, increasing to daily during seasonal shedding periods (usually spring and fall).
• Bathing: Bathe your German Shepherd puppy every 2-3 months or when visibly dirty. Over-bathing can strip natural oils from their coat. Use a mild, puppy-specific shampoo.
• Nail Care: Trim nails every 3-4 weeks. If you can hear nails clicking on hard floors, they're too long. Introduce nail trimming gradually and positively.
• Ear Cleaning: Check ears weekly for redness, odor, or discharge. Clean the visible part only with a veterinarian-approved ear cleaner and cotton ball.
• Dental Care: Begin tooth brushing early using puppy-specific toothpaste (never human toothpaste). Start with letting them taste the toothpaste, then gradually introduce the brush.

Start grooming sessions when your puppy is young and keep them short and positive with treats and praise. This helps your German Shepherd become comfortable with handling and makes grooming easier as they grow. During grooming, check for any skin issues, lumps, or parasites. Professional grooming is typically not necessary for German Shepherds if regular home maintenance is performed.

A: Yes, German Shepherds can make excellent family pets when properly trained and socialized. Here's why they often thrive in family environments:

• Loyalty and Protectiveness: German Shepherds are naturally devoted to their families and have a protective instinct that makes them excellent watchdogs without being overly aggressive.
• Intelligence and Trainability: Their high intelligence means they can learn family rules, boundaries, and appropriate behavior around children.
• Activity Level: They enjoy family activities and have the energy to keep up with active families who enjoy hiking, running, or playing in the yard.
• Child-Friendly: When properly socialized from puppyhood, German Shepherds are typically patient and gentle with children, though all interactions between dogs and young children should always be supervised.
• Adaptability: They can adjust to various living situations, though they do best with some outdoor space.

For the best experience with a German Shepherd as a family pet, ensure early socialization with children of different ages, consistent training that involves all family members, and plenty of exercise and mental stimulation. It's also important to teach children proper interaction with dogs, including respecting the dog's space and recognizing signs of stress or discomfort. With proper care and training, German Shepherds form strong bonds with all family members and become loyal, protective companions.

A: German Shepherds are deeply bonded to their families and can develop separation anxiety if not properly prepared for alone time. Here are effective prevention strategies:

• Gradual Departures: Practice short absences from puppyhood, gradually increasing the time you're away. Start with just a few minutes and build up.
• No Dramatic Goodbyes: Keep departures and returns low-key to avoid signaling that being alone is a big deal. Avoid excessive affection right before leaving or immediately upon returning.
• Create a Safe Space: Designate a comfortable area (crate, room, or pen) where your dog feels secure when alone. Include favorite toys, comfortable bedding, and an item with your scent.
• Exercise Before Leaving: A tired dog is more likely to rest when alone. Provide physical exercise and mental stimulation before departures.
• Independent Play: Encourage your German Shepherd to enjoy solo activities with interactive toys, puzzle feeders, or long-lasting chews.
• Desensitize Departure Cues: Practice picking up keys, putting on shoes, or grabbing your bag without actually leaving to reduce anxiety associated with these actions.
• Background Noise: Leave on a radio, TV, or white noise machine to provide comforting background sounds and mask outside noises.

If your German Shepherd shows signs of separation anxiety despite prevention (excessive barking/howling, destructive behavior, inappropriate elimination, excessive drooling, or escape attempts), consult with a veterinarian or professional dog behaviorist. For working families, consider incorporating a mid-day dog walker, doggy daycare, or asking a neighbor to check in occasionally until your puppy adjusts to longer periods alone.

A: German Shepherds are a medium to large breed with predictable growth patterns:

• Adult Height:
  • Males: 24-26 inches (60-65 cm) at the shoulder
  • Females: 22-24 inches (55-60 cm) at the shoulder
• Adult Weight:
  • Males: 75-90 pounds (34-40 kg)
  • Females: 55-70 pounds (25-32 kg)
• Growth Timeline:
  • 3 months: Approximately 22-30 pounds (10-14 kg)
  • 6 months: Approximately 50-60 pounds (23-27 kg) for males, 40-50 pounds (18-23 kg) for females
  • 12 months: Near adult height but still filling out in muscle mass and chest width
  • 18-24 months: Fully physically mature with complete muscle development

Growth rates can vary based on genetics, diet, and overall health. Generally, German Shepherds reach their full height by 12-18 months but continue to fill out and develop muscle until around 2-3 years of age. Our puppies come with pedigree information that can help predict adult size based on the parents' size. Proper nutrition during growth phases is crucial to support healthy development without encouraging overly rapid growth, which can contribute to joint issues.

A: German Shepherd puppies go through a predictable teething process:

• Birth to 2 weeks: No teeth yet
• 2-4 weeks: Baby teeth (deciduous teeth) begin to emerge, starting with incisors
• 5-6 weeks: All 28 baby teeth should be present
• 12-16 weeks (3-4 months): Baby teeth begin falling out as permanent teeth start coming in
• 16-24 weeks (4-6 months): Most intense teething period with significant discomfort
• 6-7 months: Most permanent teeth (42 total) are in place
• 7-8 months: Teething process is typically complete

During teething, puppies may experience discomfort, leading to increased chewing, drooling, slight fever, reluctance to eat hard foods, and sometimes mild irritability. To help your puppy through this stage, provide appropriate chew toys (rubber toys, frozen washcloths, puppy-specific teething toys), avoid hard toys that could damage emerging teeth, and continue gentle handling of their mouth to maintain comfort with oral examinations. If you notice retained baby teeth (adult teeth coming in alongside baby teeth that haven't fallen out), consult your veterinarian as these may need professional removal to prevent dental issues.

A: German Shepherds are intelligent dogs and typically respond well to consistent potty training. Here's an effective approach:

• Establish a Routine: Take your puppy outside first thing in the morning, after meals, after naps, after play sessions, and before bedtime. Young puppies typically need to go out every 2-3 hours.
• Choose a Specific Spot: Take your puppy to the same location each time to help them associate that area with potty time.
• Use a Command: Consistently use a specific word or phrase like "go potty" while they're eliminating to create an association.
• Positive Reinforcement: Immediately praise and reward your puppy when they eliminate outside. Rewards should come right after they finish, not when you return inside.
• Supervise Indoors: Keep your puppy in sight at all times or confined to a puppy-proofed area when inside. Watch for signs they need to go (circling, sniffing, whining).
• Crate Training: Use a properly sized crate when you can't supervise. Dogs naturally avoid soiling their sleeping area.
• Accidents Happen: Never punish accidents. Clean thoroughly with an enzymatic cleaner to remove odors that might attract them back to the same spot.

Most German Shepherd puppies can be reliably potty trained by 4-6 months of age, though some may take longer. Consistency is key—everyone in the household should follow the same routine and commands. If your puppy was doing well with potty training and suddenly starts having accidents, consult your veterinarian as this could indicate a medical issue.

A: This common behavior, sometimes called "velcro dog syndrome," is normal in German Shepherds for several reasons:

• Breed Characteristics: German Shepherds were bred to work closely with humans, making them naturally attentive to their owners.
• Pack Mentality: Dogs are pack animals, and they see you as their pack leader. Following you is a natural instinct to stay with the pack.
• Bonding Process: Following you helps puppies build a secure attachment, especially during their first few months in a new home.
• Security: Puppies feel safe near their owners, and following you provides comfort in a new environment.
• Curiosity: Puppies are curious and don't want to miss anything exciting you might do or any food you might access.
• Reinforcement: We often inadvertently reward following behavior with attention, treats, or other positive experiences.

While this following behavior is generally normal and endearing, it's important to foster some independence to prevent separation anxiety. Create positive experiences when your puppy is alone, provide interesting toys and activities that don't involve you, and gradually increase the time they spend entertaining themselves. Designated "alone time" training sessions where they learn to be comfortable in another room for short periods can be helpful. If the following behavior seems excessive, is accompanied by signs of distress when separated, or interferes with normal activities, consult with a professional trainer or behaviorist.

A: The transition from puppy to adult food for German Shepherds should be gradual and based on their developmental stage:

• Timing: Most German Shepherds should transition to adult food between 12-18 months of age. Large breeds like German Shepherds mature more slowly than smaller breeds, so they benefit from puppy formulas longer.
• Growth Indicators: The best time to switch is when your German Shepherd has reached approximately 80-90% of their expected adult size and their growth rate has slowed significantly.
• Nutritional Differences: Puppy food contains higher levels of protein, fat, calories, calcium, and phosphorus to support rapid growth and development. Adult food is formulated with balanced nutrition for maintenance rather than growth.
• Transition Process: Always transition gradually over 7-10 days:
  • Days 1-2: 75% puppy food, 25% adult food
  • Days 3-4: 50% puppy food, 50% adult food
  • Days 5-7: 25% puppy food, 75% adult food
  • Days 8-10: 100% adult food

Watch for signs of digestive upset during the transition (soft stool, gas, decreased appetite) and slow down the transition if needed. Select an adult food specifically formulated for large breeds, as these contain appropriate levels of nutrients for joint health. Some German Shepherds with specific health concerns may benefit from specialized formulas—consult with your veterinarian for personalized nutrition advice, particularly if your dog has any health issues or special dietary requirements.

A: Yes, German Shepherd puppies can thrive in apartments with proper care and management:

• Exercise Commitment: The most critical factor is ensuring adequate daily exercise outside the apartment. German Shepherds need 60-90 minutes of physical activity daily, split into multiple sessions. Without sufficient exercise, they may develop destructive behaviors.
• Mental Stimulation: In addition to physical exercise, provide puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive play to keep their intelligent minds engaged in the limited space.
• Training Focus: Apartment living requires excellent leash manners, reliable recall, and appropriate indoor behavior. Prioritize training that emphasizes calm indoor behavior and minimizes barking.
• Noise Considerations: German Shepherds can be vocal, especially when alerting to sounds outside. Early training to manage barking is essential for apartment living.
• Access to Outdoors: Living in a high-rise means more planning for potty breaks. Young puppies need frequent outings (every 2-3 hours), which requires commitment.
• Space Management: Create a designated area for your puppy with their crate, bed, and toys. Even in limited space, having their own area helps establish boundaries.

Many German Shepherds successfully live in apartments with owners who prioritize their exercise and enrichment needs. The lifestyle of the owner matters more than the size of the living space. If you work long hours away from home, consider supplementing with dog walkers or doggy daycare to meet your German Shepherd's social and exercise needs. Also check apartment regulations, as some have breed or weight restrictions.

A: Crate training is beneficial for German Shepherd puppies, providing them with a safe space and aiding in housebreaking. Here's a step-by-step approach:

• Choose the Right Crate:
  • Select a crate large enough for your puppy to stand up, turn around, and lie down comfortably
  • For growing puppies, consider a crate with dividers that can expand as they grow
  • Wire crates offer better ventilation and visibility, while plastic crates provide more den-like security
• Create a Positive Association:
  • Place comfortable bedding, favorite toys, and treats inside
  • Feed meals near or inside the crate to create positive associations
  • Never use the crate for punishment
• Gradual Introduction:
  • Start with the crate door open, allowing free exploration
  • Toss treats inside to encourage entry
  • Practice short sessions with the door closed while you're present, gradually increasing duration
• Establish a Routine:
  • Use consistent commands like "kennel up" or "crate"
  • Implement regular crate times after exercise and potty breaks
  • Initially, crate your puppy for short periods (5-20 minutes) while you're home
• Nighttime Crating:
  • Place the crate in your bedroom initially to ease nighttime anxiety
  • Ensure a potty break right before bedtime
  • Young puppies may need a middle-of-the-night potty break

Remember that young puppies can only hold their bladder for approximately their age in months plus one hour (maximum). German Shepherd puppies should not be crated for more than 3-4 hours during the day as puppies, gradually increasing as they mature. Ensure plenty of exercise before crating periods, and never crate a puppy showing signs of distress. With consistent, positive training, most German Shepherd puppies adapt well to their crates within 2-4 weeks.

A: Coprophagia (eating feces) is surprisingly common in puppies and can have several causes:

• Natural Exploratory Behavior: Puppies explore their world through their mouths, and may experiment with eating various substances, including feces.
• Maternal Behavior: Mother dogs naturally clean their puppies by consuming their waste. Puppies may mimic this behavior.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: In some cases, puppies may seek nutrients missing from their diet, though this is less common with quality commercial puppy foods.
• Digestive Enzyme Deficiency: Some puppies eat feces to obtain digestive enzymes, particularly if their own food isn't being fully digested.
• Attention-Seeking: If they receive a strong reaction from you when they engage with feces (even negative attention), they might continue the behavior.
• Stress or Boredom: Puppies with insufficient mental or physical stimulation may develop unusual behaviors, including coprophagia.

To address this behavior:

• Immediate Cleanup: Remove waste promptly before your puppy has access to it.
• Supervision: Keep your puppy on a leash during potty breaks to prevent access to feces.
• Dietary Supplements: Some veterinarians recommend enzyme supplements or specific additives like canned pumpkin (not pie filling) that make feces less appealing.
• Training: Teach a reliable "leave it" command and redirect to appropriate toys and activities.
• Enrichment: Ensure your puppy gets plenty of exercise, mental stimulation, and attention.

Most puppies outgrow this behavior by 6-12 months. If the behavior persists despite these interventions, consult your veterinarian to rule out medical causes such as malabsorption issues, parasites, or other digestive problems.

A: Jumping is a natural greeting behavior for puppies, but it's important to address it early before your German Shepherd grows to its full size:

• Consistency is Key: Everyone who interacts with your puppy must follow the same rules. If some people allow jumping while others don't, your puppy will be confused.
• Ignore the Jumping:
  • When your puppy jumps, turn away and avoid eye contact, touch, or verbal attention
  • Cross your arms and remain completely still and silent
  • Only give attention when all four paws are on the floor
• Teach an Incompatible Behavior:
  • Train your puppy to sit for greetings instead of jumping
  • Ask visitors to wait until your puppy sits before giving attention
  • Reward sitting with treats and praise
• Manage the Environment:
  • Keep your puppy on a leash during greetings until the behavior improves
  • Use baby gates or a crate when visitors first arrive until the initial excitement passes
  • Provide appropriate exercise before expected visitors to reduce excess energy
• Redirect to Appropriate Activities: Have toys readily available to give your puppy an alternative way to express excitement.

Avoid punishing jumping by pushing, kneeing, or stepping on your puppy's paws, as these actions can create fear or even seem like play to some puppies. With consistent training, most German Shepherds can learn appropriate greeting behaviors within a few weeks, though consistency may be needed for several months to fully extinguish the behavior, especially around exciting new people.

A: While many German Shepherds have a natural swimming ability, individual puppies vary in their comfort level and skill in water:

• Natural Ability: German Shepherds generally have physical characteristics conducive to swimming—strong legs, relatively waterproof coats, and athletic builds—though they're not as naturally water-oriented as breeds like Labrador Retrievers.
• Early Introduction: Puppies introduced to water positively and gradually between 8-16 weeks typically develop greater comfort in water than those introduced later.
• Safety Considerations:
  • Always supervise puppies around any water, including shallow kiddie pools
  • Consider a doggy life vest, especially during the learning phase
  • Never throw a puppy into water—this creates fear and aversion
  • Ensure easy exit points from pools or natural water sources
• Introduction Process:
  • Start with very shallow water where they can touch bottom easily
  • Use toys, treats, and encouragement (never force)
  • Let them set the pace of exploration
  • Gradually increase water depth as confidence grows

Some German Shepherds become enthusiastic swimmers, while others prefer to wade or stay on shore. Respect your puppy's individual preferences while providing safe opportunities to explore water if they show interest. Swimming provides excellent low-impact exercise for German Shepherds, which can be particularly beneficial as they age to maintain fitness while minimizing stress on joints. After swimming, especially in pools, rinse your puppy's coat to remove chlorine or other chemicals, and dry their ears thoroughly to prevent infections.

A: Diarrhea in German Shepherd puppies is common and can have various causes, ranging from mild and self-limiting to more serious conditions:

• Dietary Causes:
  • Diet changes (switching foods too quickly)
  • Food sensitivities or allergies
  • Eating inappropriate items (garbage, plants, toys)
  • Overfeeding or high-fat treats
• Parasites:
  • Intestinal worms (roundworms, hookworms, whipworms)
  • Protozoan parasites (Giardia, Coccidia)
• Infections:
  • Bacterial infections
  • Viral infections (parvovirus, distemper, coronavirus)
• Stress:
  • Moving to a new home
  • Changes in routine
  • Separation anxiety
• Medical Conditions:
  • Inflammatory bowel disorders
  • Pancreatic insufficiency (more common in German Shepherds)

When to Contact Your Veterinarian:

• Diarrhea persisting beyond 24 hours
• Blood in stool or black, tarry stool
• Accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, pain, or decreased appetite
• In puppies younger than 12 weeks, as they can dehydrate quickly
• Signs of dehydration (dry gums, loss of skin elasticity)
• Known ingestion of toxins or foreign objects

For mild cases in older puppies, you can withhold food (not water) for 12 hours, then introduce a bland diet of boiled chicken and rice for 2-3 days before gradually transitioning back to normal food. However, always consult your veterinarian before attempting home treatment, especially with young puppies. Remember that German Shepherds are particularly prone to sensitive digestive systems, and some may benefit from specialized diets throughout their lives.

A: Teaching your German Shepherd puppy to walk properly on a leash is an essential skill that requires patience and consistency:

• Early Introduction:
  • Introduce the collar or harness for short periods indoors first, letting your puppy get used to wearing it before attaching a leash
  • Use a lightweight leash initially (4-6 feet long) rather than retractable leashes, which can teach poor leash habits
  • Start training sessions in a low-distraction environment like your home or yard
• Positive Association:
  • Pair the leash with treats, praise, and play to create positive associations
  • Let your puppy drag the leash under supervision initially to get comfortable with the feeling
• Training Steps:
  • Begin with short sessions (5-10 minutes) several times a day
  • Use high-value treats to reward walking beside you without pulling
  • Stop moving forward when pulling occurs; either stand still or change direction
  • Reward the "loose leash" position (when the leash has slack and your puppy is near your side)
• Consistency Techniques:
  • Use a consistent side for your puppy to walk on (typically the left for formal training)
  • Establish a specific command like "let's go" or "heel" for walking together
  • Maintain a brisk, engaging pace that keeps your puppy's attention on you

Avoid common mistakes like jerking the leash, allowing pulling to be rewarded by forward movement, or expecting perfect leash manners too quickly. German Shepherd puppies are intelligent but may take 2-3 months of consistent training to develop reliable leash skills. Keep sessions positive and gradually increase the level of distraction as your puppy improves. Equipment like front-clip harnesses can be helpful training aids for puppies that tend to pull strongly, but they should be combined with proper training rather than used as the sole solution.

A: German Shepherds have a unique double coat that requires specific bathing considerations:

• Recommended Frequency: Bathe your German Shepherd puppy every 2-3 months under normal circumstances. More frequent bathing can strip natural oils that protect their skin and coat.
• Situational Bathing: Additional baths are appropriate when your puppy gets particularly dirty (mud, rolling in something smelly) or if recommended by your veterinarian for skin conditions.
• Puppy-Specific Considerations:
  • Wait until your puppy is at least 8 weeks old for the first bath
  • Ensure the room is warm to prevent chilling
  • Use only puppy-formulated shampoo (pH balanced and tearless)
  • Keep early bath experiences brief and positive
• Between-Bath Care:
  • Regular brushing (2-3 times weekly) removes dirt and distributes oils
  • Spot cleaning with pet wipes for localized dirt
  • Dry shampoo formulated for dogs can help freshen between baths

When bathing your German Shepherd puppy, use lukewarm water, thoroughly rinse all shampoo (residue can cause skin irritation), and dry completely, especially in the dense undercoat and between skin folds. Pay special attention to drying the ears to prevent infections. During seasonal shedding periods (typically spring and fall), a bath followed by thorough brushing can help remove loose undercoat more effectively. Always make bath time a positive experience with treats and praise to avoid creating anxiety around grooming procedures.

A: The endearing head tilt commonly seen in German Shepherd puppies serves several important functions:

• Improved Sound Localization: Tilting the head helps puppies better pinpoint the source and direction of sounds by adjusting how sound waves enter their ears.
• Visual Positioning: German Shepherds have longer muzzles that can partially block their vision. Tilting the head may provide a clearer view of objects or faces directly in front of them.
• Processing New Information: Head tilting often occurs when puppies hear unusual sounds or words that they're trying to understand or recognize.
• Response to Human Reactions: Puppies quickly learn that head tilting often elicits positive responses from humans (smiles, affection, treats), reinforcing this behavior.
• Displaying Attention: The head tilt is a sign that your puppy is engaged and focused on what you're saying or doing.

This behavior is completely normal and charming in German Shepherd puppies. However, if you notice your puppy consistently tilting its head in the same direction even when not responding to sounds, or if the head tilt is accompanied by loss of balance, unusual eye movements, or other neurological symptoms, consult your veterinarian promptly. Persistent one-sided head tilting can occasionally indicate medical issues such as ear infections, vestibular disease, or other neurological conditions. In the vast majority of cases, though, the head tilt is simply an adorable aspect of canine communication and cognitive processing.

A: German Shepherd puppies are known for their intense, focused stares, which serve several important purposes in their communication with humans:

• Bonding and Attachment: Direct eye contact releases oxytocin (the "love hormone") in both dogs and humans, strengthening your mutual bond. Your puppy's stare is often a sign of affection and trust.
• Reading Emotions: German Shepherds are highly attuned to human emotions and facial expressions. They stare to better understand your feelings and anticipate your next actions.
• Seeking Information: Your puppy may stare when confused or uncertain about a situation, looking to you for guidance or cues on how to respond.
• Anticipation: Staring often indicates your puppy is waiting for something they expect or desire:
  • Food or treats
  • Play or exercise
  • To go outside
  • Attention or affection
• Learned Behavior: If staring has previously resulted in rewards (treats, petting, play), your puppy has learned that maintaining eye contact gets results.

German Shepherds as a breed are particularly prone to intense staring due to their history as working dogs that needed to closely monitor their handlers for commands. While most staring is normal and positive, be aware of context—staring accompanied by stiff body posture, growling, or resource guarding may indicate discomfort or potential aggression that should be addressed with appropriate training. Generally, though, you can interpret your puppy's gaze as attentiveness and connection—a sign of the special bond developing between you.

A: When your German Shepherd puppy sleeps on its back with paws in the air, it's exhibiting a behavior that reveals several positive things about their state of mind and environment:

• Complete Comfort and Security: The back-sleeping position is the most vulnerable posture a dog can adopt, as it exposes the vital organs and belly. When your puppy sleeps this way, it demonstrates they feel completely safe and secure in their environment.
• Temperature Regulation: The belly has less fur and more blood vessels close to the skin, making it an efficient cooling surface. During warm weather or after physical activity, puppies often sleep on their backs to release body heat more effectively.
• Physical Comfort: This position:
  • Reduces pressure on joints and muscles
  • Allows for full expansion of the chest for easier breathing
  • Relieves pressure on internal organs
• Deep Relaxation: Dogs that sleep on their backs are often in their deepest, most restful sleep state, indicating they're extremely relaxed and comfortable.

This sleeping position is a positive sign that your German Shepherd puppy feels secure in their home environment and has a trusting relationship with you. It's particularly noteworthy in German Shepherds, as their protective nature means they must feel exceptionally safe to display such vulnerability. You may notice this position more frequently after exciting play sessions, on warm days, or as your puppy becomes more comfortable in your home. The behavior generally indicates good mental health and appropriate stress levels, so it's something to appreciate when you see it.

A: We recommend puppy-proofing your home by removing any hazardous items, setting up a designated area with a crate and toys, and stocking up on high-quality puppy food and supplies. There are a few things you should have ready before you bring your puppy home, some of these things are optional, but they might make the new puppy experience better for you and the puppy. We recommend having the following supplies ready.

• Food & water bowels, preferably with a non-slip bottom as puppies tend to slide things around when eating.


• Collar & leash, it’s not just a good idea, in most places it’s the law that all dogs must be leashed when in public, so it’s a good idea to get them started early. Find an appropriately sized, adjustable, buckle-type nylon collar. Do not use a “break away” collar when the puppy is on a leash.


• Name tag, with your contact information, just in case the puppy gets loose, and someone finds it, they will know how to contact you.


• Appropriately sized dog crate. A crate will greatly improve the easy of house training your puppy as well as provide it a safe, den-like place where the puppy can go to rest. Dog crates can either be the plastic travel type or the wire cage type. The important thing about selecting a crate is the size. You must get a crate that is just right for your puppy. If the crate is too small, the puppy will not want to be in the crate and will likely cry/howl when put in the crate. If the crate is too large, then the puppy will have room enough to sleep in one area of the crate while urinating/pooping in another area. You DO NOT want your puppy to be urinating/pooping in its crate, it’s both unsanitary, and will delay house training. By nature, dogs will not urinate/poop where they sleep, unless they have no other choice.


• Puppy food. Puppies need food that is age appropriate so that they get the correct balance of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in their diet. The brand of puppy food you choose isn’t as important as making sure the puppy food is for puppies less than 1 year old. Most commercially available dog food you can buy is the dog food equivalent of human “fast food”. Its edible, provides some nutritional value, and dogs can live on it, but it’s not the best diet for anyone. An alternative to commercially available dog food is to provide your puppy with human food you make at home, such as meats, vegetables, rice, etc. If you choose to feed your puppy a homemade diet, then you will also need to provide the puppy with vitamin supplements to ensure the puppy gets all vitamins and minerals it needs. While a homemade diet can be the best thing for your puppy, commercially available dog food is cheaper, easier to buy and prepare, and has most of the dietary elements your puppy needs.


• Toys. One of the most important things your puppy needs throughout its lifetime is mental stimulation. A bored puppy is a destructive puppy, and no one wants that. The best type of mental stimulation is playtime with your puppy. There is nothing your puppy will enjoy more than spending time with you playing. If, however you must leave the puppy alone for periods of time, you should provide the puppy with plenty of toys to help provide mental stimulation. One of the most popular dog toys is a Kong, a rubber ball-like hollow toy that you can put treats inside of. The puppy will play with the Kong for hours trying to get all the treats out.

A: The prices of our puppies vary depending on several factors, such as gender, coat pattern, age, level of training, special characteristics, current demand, etc. Typically, our puppies range in price from $650 - $1,500.

• Full AKC registration
• AKC registration packet
• AKC pedigree
• Deworming (at least 4 times)
• Vaccinations (first & second doses) with records
• 30-Days complimentary pet health insurance from the AKC
• Complete health records
• Veterinary exam prior to travel (only for puppies being shipped)
• 2-Year written health guarantee
• Socialization (with cats, other dogs, & children)
• Microchipping
• Premium puppy food & suppliments
• Blanket with mom's scent
• Around the clock care
• Grooming
• Noise desensitization
• Begining Crate training
• Volhard's Puppy Aptitude testing
• Sample bag of premium puppy food

If you have any questions about what is including in the sales price, please don't hesitate to ask.

PLEASE NOTE: All sales are final. In the unfortunate event that you are unable to keep a puppy that you have purchased from us for any reason, we will gladly accept the puppy back within 30-days of the date you purchased the puppy, however no monetary refunds will be issued.

A: Yes, we can typically accept payment arrangements for the puppies we sell. Our typical payment arrangement is $100/week until the full amount has been paid at which point you can take the puppy home. If you’d like to make larger or smaller weekly payments, we may be able to accommodate that.

For more information email us at info@cvgsd.com

A: We accept most types of payment including: Cash, Cashier’s Check, Postal Money Order, Credit/Debit card, Zelle, Apple Pay, Google Pay, ACH payments, and Venmo. We use the third-party payment processing service Stripe to handle all online transactions. We also accept in-person cash or Venmo payments. If you would like to pay by cashier's check, or money order, please note that your puppy will be held until your payment has cleared the bank, usually 2-3 business days.

A: We only breed German Shepherd Dogs (GSDs) and Dutch Shepherds.

We selectively breed puppies based on intelligence, demeanor, and drive. We do not breed show dogs, designer breeds, or breed puppies purely for appearance.

A: All of our puppies are litterbox trained from birth. For each litter and for our nursing adult females, we provide a large litter pan with compressed paper pellets. The pups instinctively use the litterbox when they need to relieve themselves. When it comes time to house train the pups, we use the same litterbox indoors and then move it outdoors after a couple days. Each time the puppies eat or drink, we put them near the litterbox within 10-15 minutes and the pups use the litterbox. After doing this for several days, the pups instinctively eat and then go to the litterbox. We’ve found this method of house training works very well.

Socialization is very important with any pup, so we make an effort to socialize the pups as much as possible before they go to their new homes. Since we’re a family kennel and we have small children, cats, and other dogs in our home, the pups are socialized with larger dogs, small dogs, toddlers, cats, and other people. Additionally, we expose the pups to loud noises frequently to get them use to sounds they will encounter in their lifetime, such as vacuums, TV & radio, doorbells, loud children, etc. This exposure from a young age helps the pups be more confident, calm, and far less likely to startle.

For those pups we have past 12 weeks of age, we also get the pups use to walking on a leash, and teach basic obedience commands such as ‘sit’, ‘down’, ‘leave it’, and ‘heel’.

A: Yes! Our puppies are vaccinated at least twice before going to their new home. We vaccinate all puppies with Durvet Canine Spectra 5 / 6 / 10, a 5-in-1 & 10-in-1 vaccination, which provides protection against Canine Distemper, infections Canine Hepatitis, Canine Adenovirus Type 2 (CAV-2), Canine Coronavirus, Canine Parainfluenza, and Canine Parvovirus (CPV) Type 2b, Leptospira canicola, Leptospira grippotyphosa, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira Pomona. We also vaccinate our dogs at 12 weeks and again annually with Spectra KC 3 which helps protect against kennel cough.

The puppies receive their vaccinations at 4 weeks of age with Durvet Canine Spectra 5 / 6, then again at 8, 12 & 16 weeks of age with Durvet Canine Spectra 10. The vaccines are designed to offer maximum protection only after the 4th dose, so we recommend limiting your puppy’s outside activity and exposure to other animals until they have received at least the first 3 doses of the vaccine. It's recommended that all dogs receive annual booster vaccinations to help ensure continued protection against serious health issues.

As with human vaccinations, a canine vaccination DOES NOT guarantee that your puppy will not get sick. The purpose of the vaccine is to mitigate the health risks to the puppy in the event that the puppy is exposed. Vaccinated puppies are far less likely to suffer severe health complications, including death, associated with viral and bacterial threats than non-vaccinated pups.

Regardless of your puppy’s vaccination status, puppy owners are recommended to limit the puppy’s exposure to potentially dangerous viruses and bacteria, by keeping their puppy indoors, away from other animals, and avoiding places such as dog parks, and other areas where dogs are known to group together, until the puppy is fully vaccinated and at least 6 months old.

In order to license your puppy, or to legally own a dog in most jurisdictions, you are required to have your puppy vaccinated against rabies. The rabies vaccine can only come from a licensed veterinarian, so you will need to take your pup into a vet for their rabies vaccine once they are at least 12 weeks old.

The puppy's initial rabies vaccine is good for 1 year, after the first year, the puppy can then receive the rabies vaccine every 3 years.

All of our puppies are also dewormed every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, at 2, 4, 6, & 8 weeks of age with Durvet Liquid Wormer 2x, which helps protect them from Roundworms (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and Hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala).

Vaccine	4 Wks	8 Wks	12 Wks	16 Wks	Annual Booster
Spectra 5 / 6
Spectra 10
Spectra KC3

A: Yes!, You can reserve a puppy before it's ready to go home, in fact we recommend reserving a pup if you're serious about purchasing a puppy, since they often sell out well before they're old enough to go to their new homes. Our puppies typically all sell by the time they're 4-6 weeks old. Deposits can be kept up to one year should buyers opt out of puppy purchase and wish to transfer the deposit towards another litter.

If you'd like to reserve a puppy, the deposit is $250, with the remaining balance due when you pick up the puppy.

A: Many new dog owners ask this question, so it’s something we hear a lot. The answer is it varies slightly from pup to pup. Typically, German Shepherd puppy’s ears are fully erect and remain that way, when the puppy is 4 – 7 months old. Sometimes a puppy’s ears will perk up earlier, only to flop over again for a few months, but eventually all German Shepherds should have fully erect ears by the time they are 1 year old, if not much sooner. If a German Shepherd does not have fully erect ears by the time, it’s 1 year of age, the dog may have an underlying health or genetic problem and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

When the puppies are born, their ears are closed and close to their head. By the time the puppies are 2 – 2 ½ weeks old their ears open and Pinna (the outside of the ear) start to stiffen. The puppy’s ears stiffen from the base upward, which is why there are varying degrees of erect ears at different stages of development.

Some evidence suggests, that while puppies are teething, they use their jaw muscles excessively, which can cause muscle fatigue in the jaw and auricular muscles (the muscles that control their ear movement). This muscle fatigue is very common in teething puppies and will go away once the puppy is done teething, usually around 5 – 6 months old. Once the puppy is no longer teething, you will notice that its ears are again fully erect and will remain that way.

A: Yes!, all of our dogs & puppies are purebred, AKC registered German Shepherd Dogs. Every puppy we sell comes with an AKC registration application to allow the Reg Owner to register the puppy in their name, track the puppy pedigree, and more.

AKC registration is optional. It is up to the Reg Owner whether or not they wish to register their new puppy with the AKC. Registration requires a nominal fee of between $35 - $85 for a lifetime registration.

There are MANY advantages to registering your new puppy with the AKC, one of which is complimentary pet health insurance through the AKC. All new registered puppies will receive 30-days of complimentary pet health insurance, which can be used for you puppy’s initial vet visit, additional vaccinations, and more.

For more information on the benefits of registering your puppy with the AKC, click here

A: According to a 2016 retrospective study evaluating the long-term effects of spay-neuter surgeries in German Shepherd Dogs, published in the journal Veterinary Medicine and Science, The study reported a significant increase in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) tears, or ruptures, in male and female German Shepherd Dogs neutered before 1 year of age, and it also noted a significantly higher incidence of urinary incontinence in female German Shepherd Dogs spayed before 1 year of age. Thus, it is recommended that dog owners wait until the pup is at least 1 year old before spaying/neutering.

A: While they are with us, we feed all of our puppies 4Health Large Breed Puppy Formula, dry dog food. We also offer our dogs lean meats such as chicken and beef, and provide dietary suppliments to help promote strong bones and muscles.

If you are considering feeding your puppy an all-natural diet, many people choose to feed their pups homemade, natural, human-grade food. There are many great websites you can find that offer recipes, information, and advise on starting your puppy or adult dog on an all-natural, homemade diet. Here is a link to a great article on Benefits of German Shepherd Homemade Dog Food.

Just as important to know, is what NOT to feed your puppy. The image below shows some of the human foods that are SAFE and those which are TOXIC to German Shepherds.

A: The Volhard Puppy Aptitude Test (PAT) is a standardized method for evaluating a puppy's temperament and behavioral tendencies. Developed by Wendy and Jack Volhard in the 1970s, this respected assessment helps breeders, trainers, and potential owners understand a puppy's natural predispositions and match them with appropriate homes and training approaches.

When It's Performed: The test is ideally conducted when puppies are exactly 49 days (7 weeks) old. At this age, puppies have developed enough to show their natural tendencies but haven't yet been significantly influenced by environmental factors. Testing at precisely this age provides the most accurate results, though the test can still be informative when conducted between 6 and 8 weeks of age.

How It's Performed: The PAT consists of 10 subtests, each designed to assess different aspects of a puppy's temperament. The test is administered by someone unfamiliar to the puppy in a new environment to ensure objective results. Each subtest involves presenting the puppy with a specific stimulus and observing its reaction. The test administrator scores each response on a scale of 1 to 6, with different scores indicating different temperament traits.

What It Assesses: The test evaluates various aspects of a puppy's temperament including:

• Social Attraction: The puppy's willingness to approach and engage with humans
• Following: The puppy's willingness to follow a person
• Restraint: How the puppy responds to being physically restrained
• Social Dominance: How the puppy reacts to social pressure
• Elevation Dominance: The puppy's response to being lifted off the ground
• Retrieving: Interest in chasing and retrieving objects
• Touch Sensitivity: Reaction to gentle pressure
• Sound Sensitivity: Response to sudden noises
• Sight Sensitivity: Reaction to moving objects
• Stability: Overall confidence in unusual situations

How It's Graded: Each subtest is scored on a scale of 1 to 6:

• Score 1: Indicates a very dominant, independent puppy with strong prey drive
• Score 2: Shows a dominant puppy that can be challenging but responsive to training
• Score 3: Reflects a balanced puppy that adapts well to most environments
• Score 4: Indicates a submissive puppy that's easy to train but may need confidence building
• Score 5: Shows a very submissive puppy that may be fearful and need extensive socialization
• Score 6: Rarely used; indicates an extremely fearful or unresponsive puppy

Interpreting Scores: There's no such thing as a "good" or "bad" score in absolute terms. Different scores indicate puppies that would thrive in different environments with different types of owners:

• Mostly 1s and 2s: These puppies are independent and assertive, best suited for experienced dog owners who can provide consistent, firm training. They often excel in working roles, competition, or protection activities.
• Mostly 3s: These are balanced puppies that adapt well to most environments. They're often ideal for active families and versatile enough for many activities.
• Mostly 4s and 5s: These puppies are more sensitive and eager to please. They're often easier to train for novice owners but may need more confidence building. They typically excel as companion animals or in activities that require a close handler bond.

At Central Valley GSD, we perform the Volhard Puppy Aptitude Test on all our puppies at 7 weeks of age, providing the results to new owners to help them understand their puppy's natural tendencies and tailor their training approach accordingly. We believe this information is valuable for setting realistic expectations and developing an effective training strategy.

Sources and Further Reading:

• Official Volhard Website - Puppy Aptitude Testing
• American Kennel Club - Puppy Aptitude Testing
• Whole Dog Journal - Puppy Temperament Testing
• German Shepherd Guide - Puppy Temperament Test

A: There are several factors that you need to take into consideration when determining how much and how often to feed your puppy. Your GSD pup should eat enough to maintain their growth and energy, while not eating so much that they carry extra fat. First, consider the age of the puppy. Younger puppies will need smaller, more frequent feedings, which become less frequent with age. Second, consider the caloric needs of the puppy, the more active the puppy the higher it's caloric needs will be and the puppy will need to consume a higher amount of calories than other less active pups. Third, note that caloric values can vary greatly between brands of dog food, so if you choose a brand of dog food which is much less calories than other brands, you may need to feed your pup more food, or more often to keep up with their caloric demands.

The table below is a general reference to give you some idea how much and how often to feed your pup.

Puppy Age	Amt. per feeding	Daily Feedings
2 - 3 Mon.	1/4 - 1/2 cups	4x Daily
3 - 6 Mon.	1/2 - 1 cup	3x Daily
6 - 12 Mon.	1 - 1 1/4 cups	2x Daily
> 12 Mon.	1 1/4 - 1 3/4 cups	2x Daily